PAST PERFECT CONTINUE SIMPLE
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PAST PERFECT CONTINUE SIMPLE
I.
DEFINITION
Definition: The past perfect continuous tense shows
actions that were ongoing in the past and ended before another past action. You
can create this tense by combining “had been” + present participle (verbs with
“ing” ending).
II.
THERE ARE
GENERALLY TWO USES FOR THEIS TENSE
1. Ongoing continuous events over a period of time before
another action or event in the past. These must be continuous verbs, and cannot
be actions that are still happening in the present.
Examples:
>You HAD BEEN WORKING for hours when I tried to call you.
>The dog and the cat HAD BEEN FIGHTING all day yesterday before you came home from work.
>You HAD BEEN WORKING for hours when I tried to call you.
>The dog and the cat HAD BEEN FIGHTING all day yesterday before you came home from work.
2. A
past action that illustrates cause and effect. You must use a continuous verb
to show the action that happened first.
Examples:
>You were feeling sick because you HAD BEEN EATING too much junk food all day.
>I failed the test because I HAD BEEN STUDYING the wrong subject.
>The fireman failed to connect the hose because he HAD NOT BEEN KEEPING it properly maintained.
>You were feeling sick because you HAD BEEN EATING too much junk food all day.
>I failed the test because I HAD BEEN STUDYING the wrong subject.
>The fireman failed to connect the hose because he HAD NOT BEEN KEEPING it properly maintained.
A. Rule For How To Make Tense:
If Sub = I, You, Singular or
Plural [Same Rule for all Subjects]
1.
Sub + had been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
2. Sub + hadn’t been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
3. How + had + Sub + been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
4. Why + hadn’t + Sub + been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
2. Sub + hadn’t been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
3. How + had + Sub + been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
4. Why + hadn’t + Sub + been + Verb + ing + since/for(time)
v
More Examples:
1.
Affirmative:
·
We had been talking to him for half an hour.
·
They had been working on this plan for years.
·
I had been teaching for ten years.
·
She had been writing a book since Monday.
·
The teacher had been giving them assignment
for a week
2.
Negative:
·
We had not been seeing anything unusual here.
·
The child had not been improving for past two
years.
·
They had not been watching movies since
afternoon.
·
She had not been singing a song since
morning.
·
They had not been disobeying him since a long
time.
3.
Interrogative:
·
Had he been looking at you for a while?
·
Had the people been tolerating injustice?
·
Why had he been behaving so rudely with you?
·
Why had you been trying this number for
hours?
·
What had you been expecting from him?
B. Past Perfect Continuous
FORM
=> [had been + present participle]
Examples:
- You had been waiting there
for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
- Had you been
waiting there for more than two hours when she finally
arrived?
- You had not been waiting there
for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
B.1. USE 1 Duration Before Something in the
Past
We
use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and
"for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past
Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not
continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.
Examples:
- They had been talking for
over an hour before Tony arrived.
- She had been working at
that company for three years when it went out of business.
- How long had you been
waiting to get on the bus?
- Mike wanted to sit down because
he had been standing all day at work.
- James had been teaching at
the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
A: How long had you been
studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I had not been studying Turkish very longNegative:
B: I had not been studying Turkish very longNegative:
B.2. USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past
Using
the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to
show cause and effect.
Examples:
- Jason was tired because he had
been jogging.
- Sam gained weight because he had
been overeating.
III.
PRACTICE
EXERCISE
ô Complete the sentences
with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use contractions where possible.
Use contractions where possible.
- Peter was Sally's best friend.
She(know) him all her life.
- The children were wet because
they(play) football in the rain.
- We were very hungry because we(not
/ eat).
- I was delighted when I found my
keys. I(look) for them for hours.
- She was exhausted because she(work)
since eight o'clock that morning.
- Everything was white because it(snow).
- The passengers were cross
because the airline(lose)
everyone's bags.
- I(not
/ see) Jacob for several years, but I recognised him immediately.
III.1. ANSWER
- 1. 'd known
- 2. 'd been playing
- 3. hadn't eaten
- 4. 'd been looking
- 5. 'd been working
- 6. 'd been snowing
- 7. had lost
- 8. hadn't seen
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